Treffer: Ottorino Respighi Vocal Music Techniques Performing Manual for Undergraduate Level at Ningbo University, the People's Republic of China

This study examined the integration of Ottorino Respighi's art songs into vocal music teaching at Ningbo University through the development, implementation, and evaluation of a vocal techniques manual for undergraduate students. Conducted in four phases, it first analyzed Respighi's art songs and then assessed how teachers and students understood and practiced them. A manual was subsequently created and assigned to 30 third-year students for independent study, followed by evaluation through feedback and performance assessment. The findings revealed that Respighi's songs, distinguished by their rich musical color, varied textures, and melodic flexibility, effectively enhanced students' vocal technique and artistic interpretation. Developing the manual strengthened the researcher's instructional design skills and produced a practical teaching framework. Its use significantly supported students' independent learning, deepened their appreciation of Respighi's music, increased motivation, and promoted active engagement in vocal training.

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