Treffer: Gradients of Aliveness and Engineering: A Taxonomy of Fungal Engineered Living Materials.
Title:
Gradients of Aliveness and Engineering: A Taxonomy of Fungal Engineered Living Materials.
Authors:
Elsacker E; Research Group of Microbiology, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium., Saluena Martin J; Research Group of Microbiology, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium., Sangosanya AO; Research Group of Microbiology, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium., Verstuyft A; Research Group of Microbiology, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium., Van Wylick A; Research Group of Architectural Engineering, Department of Architectural Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium., Peeters E; Research Group of Microbiology, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium.
Source:
Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) [Adv Mater] 2026 Jan; Vol. 38 (5), pp. e02728. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 25.
Publication Type:
Journal Article
Language:
English
Journal Info:
Publisher: Wiley-VCH Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 9885358 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1521-4095 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09359648 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Adv Mater Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):
Publication: Sept. 3, 1997- : Weinheim : Wiley-VCH
Original Publication: Deerfield Beach, FL : VCH Publishers, 1989-
Original Publication: Deerfield Beach, FL : VCH Publishers, 1989-
MeSH Terms:
References:
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Nat Rev Microbiol. 2011 Mar;9(3):177-92. (PMID: 21297669)
Environ Sci Technol. 2014 Dec 16;48(24):14409-16. (PMID: 25423300)
Sci Rep. 2016 Jun 09;6:27031. (PMID: 27279425)
PLoS One. 2024 Jun 13;19(6):e0304614. (PMID: 38870218)
Front Microbiol. 2020 Jan 09;10:2993. (PMID: 31993032)
Front Microbiol. 2020 Jan 28;10:3100. (PMID: 32047484)
Nat Prod Rep. 2022 Aug 17;39(8):1557-1573. (PMID: 35137758)
Microbiol Spectr. 2017 May;5(3):. (PMID: 28513415)
ISME J. 2021 Jun;15(6):1782-1793. (PMID: 33469165)
Front Chem. 2020 May 08;8:369. (PMID: 32457874)
Nat Mater. 2022 Apr;21(4):471-478. (PMID: 34857911)
Trends Biotechnol. 2021 Dec;39(12):1321-1331. (PMID: 33812663)
Adv Mater. 2022 Jul;34(26):e2201326. (PMID: 35243704)
Materials (Basel). 2021 May 28;14(11):. (PMID: 34071470)
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2023 Apr 30;654:87-93. (PMID: 36898228)
Mycopathologia. 2013 Jun;175(5-6):537-47. (PMID: 23073825)
Can J Microbiol. 2001 Feb;47(2):172-7. (PMID: 11261498)
Adv Appl Microbiol. 2013;85:43-91. (PMID: 23942148)
Nat Commun. 2022 Jul 28;13(1):4368. (PMID: 35902555)
ACS Synth Biol. 2015 Jan 16;4(1):8-11. (PMID: 25592034)
Biotechnol Adv. 2020 May - Jun;40:107501. (PMID: 31870825)
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Feb;27(4):3803-3818. (PMID: 31838699)
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Sep 1;90(17):8249-53. (PMID: 8367490)
Arch Microbiol. 2023 Oct 2;205(10):348. (PMID: 37782422)
Sci Robot. 2024 Aug 28;9(93):eadk8019. (PMID: 39196952)
Fungal Biol Biotechnol. 2021 Nov 19;8(1):17. (PMID: 34798908)
Fungal Biol Biotechnol. 2021 Nov 18;8(1):16. (PMID: 34794517)
Sci Rep. 2019 Feb 14;9(1):2075. (PMID: 30765831)
Carbohydr Polym. 2017 Aug 15;170:1-14. (PMID: 28521974)
Microbiology (Reading). 2010 Jan;156(Pt 1):23-29. (PMID: 19833770)
Trends Biotechnol. 2021 Jun;39(6):574-583. (PMID: 33234328)
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Oct;12(40):e11975. (PMID: 40757396)
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2007 Jan;5(1):57-69. (PMID: 17170747)
ISME J. 2020 Nov;14(11):2794-2805. (PMID: 32753730)
Biomimetics (Basel). 2022 Jul 22;7(3):. (PMID: 35892369)
J Fungi (Basel). 2024 Feb 28;10(3):. (PMID: 38535193)
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Jan 3;109(1):90-4. (PMID: 22198770)
Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2022 Oct;70:102188. (PMID: 35970133)
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jul 15;778:146132. (PMID: 33714829)
Sci Rep. 2017 Jan 24;7:41292. (PMID: 28117421)
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2020 Dec;66:292-300. (PMID: 33202280)
Mater Today Bio. 2023 Jan 14;19:100545. (PMID: 36793323)
Microb Cell Fact. 2021 Nov 16;20(1):211. (PMID: 34784924)
Appl Microbiol. 1971 Sep;22(3):482-8. (PMID: 5119210)
Sci Adv. 2022 Nov 11;8(45):eadd7118. (PMID: 36367944)
Biomimetics (Basel). 2022 May 10;7(2):. (PMID: 35645187)
Acta Biomater. 2022 Jun;145:272-282. (PMID: 35421618)
Science. 2014 Jul 4;345(6192):94-8. (PMID: 24994654)
PLoS One. 2015 Jul 15;10(7):e0133085. (PMID: 26177455)
Biomimetics (Basel). 2022 Apr 08;7(2):. (PMID: 35466259)
J Hazard Mater. 2017 Jul 15;334:132-141. (PMID: 28407540)
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2012 Nov 5;51(45):11293-6. (PMID: 23044633)
Trends Microbiol. 2004 Mar;12(3):135-41. (PMID: 15001190)
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2021 Aug 9;7(8):3718-3726. (PMID: 34309374)
Materials (Basel). 2020 Aug 22;13(17):. (PMID: 32842561)
Nat Biotechnol. 2025 Mar;43(3):345-354. (PMID: 38565971)
ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2025 Jun 16;8(6):5024-5031. (PMID: 40476829)
Nat Mater. 2022 Apr;21(4):390-397. (PMID: 35361951)
Bioinspir Biomim. 2022 Mar 17;16(6):. (PMID: 34624868)
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2022 May;42(3):361-383. (PMID: 34325585)
Trends Biotechnol. 2025 Apr;43(4):812-825. (PMID: 39472253)
Nat Nanotechnol. 2014 Feb;9(2):137-41. (PMID: 24463362)
Environ Technol. 2011 Apr;32(5-6):467-91. (PMID: 21877528)
Biosystems. 2021 Jan;199:104304. (PMID: 33246023)
Glob Chall. 2024 Jul 12;8(8):2400104. (PMID: 39469481)
Sci Rep. 2023 Feb 25;13(1):3295. (PMID: 36841885)
Chem Rev. 2023 Mar 8;123(5):2349-2419. (PMID: 36512650)
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2018 Apr 11;82(2):. (PMID: 29643171)
Front Microbiol. 2015 Sep 09;6:903. (PMID: 26441853)
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2009 Aug;12(4):350-7. (PMID: 19546023)
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023 Aug 07;11:1204861. (PMID: 37609120)
Sci Rep. 2017 Oct 12;7(1):13070. (PMID: 29026133)
Trends Microbiol. 2024 Feb;32(2):142-150. (PMID: 37689487)
Adv Mater. 2026 Jan;38(5):e02728. (PMID: 41137646)
EBioMedicine. 2021 Dec;74:103717. (PMID: 34839265)
Biomimetics (Basel). 2022 Apr 14;7(2):. (PMID: 35466261)
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023 Apr;21(4):248-259. (PMID: 36266346)
Microbiol Spectr. 2017 Apr;5(2):. (PMID: 28884680)
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2019 Aug;94(4):1443-1476. (PMID: 31021528)
Biomimetics (Basel). 2022 Apr 21;7(2):. (PMID: 35645178)
Biomimetics (Basel). 2022 Jun 07;7(2):. (PMID: 35735591)
Adv Mater. 2018 May;30(19):e1704847. (PMID: 29430725)
Trends Microbiol. 2018 Apr;26(4):284-295. (PMID: 29452950)
Environ Res. 2023 Aug 15;231(Pt 2):116207. (PMID: 37244498)
Environ Sci Technol. 2005 Jun 15;39(12):4640-6. (PMID: 16047804)
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023 Jul 14;11:1229693. (PMID: 37520299)
Nat Mater. 2023 Jan;22(1):128-134. (PMID: 36550372)
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2020 Oct;95(5):1198-1232. (PMID: 32301582)
Sci Rep. 2019 May 21;9(1):7632. (PMID: 31113995)
PLoS One. 2019 May 13;14(5):e0209812. (PMID: 31083677)
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Nov;11(44):e2403215. (PMID: 39263934)
Fungal Biol Biotechnol. 2021 Dec 20;8(1):20. (PMID: 34930476)
ACS Synth Biol. 2024 Sep 20;13(9):2653-2666. (PMID: 39174016)
Cell Surf. 2020 Oct 28;6:100046. (PMID: 33204900)
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Aug 15;77(16):5571-6. (PMID: 21705550)
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 27;22(9):. (PMID: 33925688)
Nat Commun. 2024 Mar 14;15(1):2099. (PMID: 38485948)
Mycol Res. 2004 Jan;108(Pt 1):5-13. (PMID: 15035500)
PLoS Biol. 2023 Apr 21;21(4):e3002077. (PMID: 37083593)
Bioresour Technol. 2016 Oct;218:751-60. (PMID: 27423036)
PLoS One. 2021 Sep 29;16(9):e0257823. (PMID: 34587206)
Nat Chem Biol. 2020 Feb;16(2):126-133. (PMID: 31792444)
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022 Nov 17;10:1067869. (PMID: 36466339)
Environ Pollut. 2021 Apr 1;274:116548. (PMID: 33540258)
Microb Cell Fact. 2017 Oct 3;16(1):168. (PMID: 28974205)
Microorganisms. 2022 Jun 08;10(6):. (PMID: 35744698)
ACS Synth Biol. 2019 Jan 18;8(1):1-15. (PMID: 30576101)
Trends Biotechnol. 2024 Jan;42(1):5-9. (PMID: 37798144)
Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 22;11(1):8736. (PMID: 33888795)
Fungal Biol Biotechnol. 2023 Apr 3;10(1):8. (PMID: 37013653)
Sci Adv. 2023 Feb 22;9(8):eade5417. (PMID: 36812306)
Biotechnol Lett. 2013 Aug;35(8):1155-64. (PMID: 23592308)
Nano Lett. 2019 Sep 11;19(9):5829-5835. (PMID: 30702295)
Curr Biol. 2022 Apr 11;32(7):1523-1533.e6. (PMID: 35235767)
Nat Commun. 2025 Apr 23;16(1):3832. (PMID: 40268910)
Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2024 Nov 14;23:4222-4231. (PMID: 39655263)
Curr Biol. 2021 Dec 20;31(24):R1557-R1563. (PMID: 34932960)
Adv Mater. 2025 Jun;37(22):e2418464. (PMID: 39998258)
Nat Commun. 2023 Aug 7;14(1):4742. (PMID: 37550278)
Sci Rep. 2018 Mar 16;8(1):4703. (PMID: 29549308)
Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2007 Jul;6(7):725-36. (PMID: 17609765)
Fungal Biol Biotechnol. 2016 Aug 31;3:6. (PMID: 28955465)
Biomimetics (Basel). 2021 Nov 30;6(4):. (PMID: 34940011)
Fungal Biol. 2014 Feb;118(2):107-25. (PMID: 24528635)
Mol Syst Biol. 2020 Nov;16(11):e9245. (PMID: 33206464)
Nanoscale Adv. 2018 Nov 22;1(1):168-176. (PMID: 36132482)
Mater Today Bio. 2023 Jan 21;19:100560. (PMID: 36756210)
Front Microbiol. 2016 Oct 27;7:1697. (PMID: 27833594)
Biomimetics (Basel). 2022 Sep 11;7(3):. (PMID: 36134933)
Grant Information:
101071145 HORIZON EUROPE European Innovation Council; S004825N Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; 1269122N Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; 1SHH324N Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; K802723N Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; 11A3B26N Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; SRP91 Vrije Universiteit Brussel; SRP94 Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Contributed Indexing:
Keywords: biodesign; biofabrication; engineered living materials (ELMs); filamentous fungi; mycelium materials; taxonomical framework
Substance Nomenclature:
0 (Biocompatible Materials)
Entry Date(s):
Date Created: 20251025 Date Completed: 20260121 Latest Revision: 20260123
Update Code:
20260123
PubMed Central ID:
PMC12822539
DOI:
10.1002/adma.202502728
PMID:
41137646
Database:
MEDLINE
Weitere Informationen
Filamentous fungi offer unique potential for engineered living materials (ELMs), enabling self-assembling, adaptive, and sustainable biofabrication. However, the field lacks a systematic framework to classify fungal ELMs, as they vary in biological state (dead, dormant, or living), scaffold composition, and degree of engineering intervention. Here, a classification system is introduced to categorize fungal ELMs, enabling researchers to map existing studies and guide future development. The ability to form resilient 3D networks make filamentous fungi ideal for applications ranging from self-healing composites to materials for bioremediation and real-time sensing, as demonstrated in proof-of-concept applications. A roadmap for next-generation fungal ELMs is outlined, including spatial-temporal control of fungal states, multispecies integration for enhanced complexity, and computational modeling for predictive design. Key challenges, such as contamination control, cell viability, and bio-digital integration, are discussed alongside strategies for genetic engineering. Finally, ethical and environmental considerations are emphasized as crucial factors for the responsible scaling of fungal ELMs.
(© 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Materials published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)