Treffer: An operating system for executing applications on quantum network nodes.
Title:
An operating system for executing applications on quantum network nodes.
Authors:
Delle Donne C; QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.; Quantum Computer Science, Department of Software Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands., Iuliano M; QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands., van der Vecht B; QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.; Quantum Computer Science, Department of Software Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands., Ferreira GM; QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands., Jirovská H; QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands., van der Steenhoven TJW; QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands., Dahlberg A; QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.; Quantum Computer Science, Department of Software Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands., Skrzypczyk M; QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.; Quantum Computer Science, Department of Software Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands., Fioretto D; Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria., Teller M; Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria., Filippov P; Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria., Montblanch AR; QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands., Fischer J; QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands., van Ommen HB; QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands., Demetriou N; QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands., Leichtle D; LIP6, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France., Music L; LIP6, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France., Ollivier H; QAT, DIENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, INRIA, Paris, France., Te Raa I; QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands., Kozlowski W; QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands., Taminiau TH; QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands., Pawełczak P; Embedded Systems, Department of Software Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands., Northup TE; Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria., Hanson R; QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands., Wehner S; QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands. s.d.c.wehner@tudelft.nl.; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands. s.d.c.wehner@tudelft.nl.; Quantum Computer Science, Department of Software Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands. s.d.c.wehner@tudelft.nl.
Source:
Nature [Nature] 2025 Mar; Vol. 639 (8054), pp. 321-328. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Mar 12.
Publication Type:
Journal Article
Language:
English
Journal Info:
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0410462 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1476-4687 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00280836 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nature Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE; MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):
Publication: Basingstoke : Nature Publishing Group
Original Publication: London, Macmillan Journals ltd.
Original Publication: London, Macmillan Journals ltd.
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Krutyanskiy, V. et al. Entanglement of trapped-ion qubits separated by 230 meters. Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 050803 (2023). (PMID: 3680044810.1103/PhysRevLett.130.050803)
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Childs, A. M. Secure assisted quantum computation. Quantum Inf. Comput. 5, 456–466 (2005).
Liu, W.-Z. et al. Toward a photonic demonstration of device-independent quantum key distribution. Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 050502 (2022). (PMID: 3596058510.1103/PhysRevLett.129.050502)
Zhang, W. et al. A device-independent quantum key distribution system for distant users. Nature 607, 687–691 (2022). (PMID: 35896650932912410.1038/s41586-022-04891-y)
Jing, B. et al. Entanglement of three quantum memories via interference of three single photons. Nat. Photon. 13, 210–213 (2019). (PMID: 10.1038/s41566-018-0342-x)
Dahlberg, A. et al. A Link Layer Protocol for Quantum Networks. Proc. ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication (SIGCOMM ’19) 159–173 (ACM, 2019).
Kozlowski, W., Dahlberg, A. & Wehner, S. Designing a quantum network protocol. in Proc. 16th International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies (CoNEXT ’20) 1–16 (ACM, 2020).
Aliro Security, Advanced Secure Networking. https://www.aliroquantum.com (2024).
Pirker, A. & Dü, W. A quantum network stack and protocols for reliable entanglement-based networks. New J. Phys. 21, 033003 (2019). (PMID: 10.1088/1367-2630/ab05f7)
Pompili, M. et al. Experimental demonstration of entanglement delivery using a quantum network stack. npj Quantum Inf. 8, 121 (2022). (PMID: 10.1038/s41534-022-00631-2)
Monga, I., Saglamyurek, E., Kissel, E., Haffner, H. & Wu, W. in Proc. 1st Workshop on Quantum Networks and Distributed Quantum Computing (QuNet ’23) 31–37 (ACM, 2023).
Castells, M. in Ch@nge: 19 Key Essays on How the Internet Is Changing Our Lives 127–148 (BBVA, 2013).
Quantum Software Development Kits in 2024. AIMultiple: High Tech Use Cases & Tools to Grow Your Business. https://research.aimultiple.com/quantum-sdk/ (2024).
Ma, Y., Kashefi, E., Arapinis, M., Chakraborty, K. & Kaplan, M. QEnclave - a practical solution for secure quantum cloud computing. npj Quantum Inf. 8, 128 (2022). (PMID: 10.1038/s41534-022-00612-5)
Lidar, D. A. & Brun, T. A. Quantum Error Correction (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2013).
Botelho, L. et al. Error mitigation for variational quantum algorithms through mid-circuit measurements. Phys. Rev. A 105, 022441 (2022). (PMID: 10.1103/PhysRevA.105.022441)
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Entry Date(s):
Date Created: 20250313 Date Completed: 20250313 Latest Revision: 20250319
Update Code:
20250319
PubMed Central ID:
PMC11903313
DOI:
10.1038/s41586-025-08704-w
PMID:
40075182
Database:
MEDLINE
Weitere Informationen
The goal of future quantum networks is to enable new internet applications that are impossible to achieve using only classical communication <sup>1-3</sup> . Up to now, demonstrations of quantum network applications <sup>4-6</sup> and functionalities <sup>7-12</sup> on quantum processors have been performed in ad hoc software that was specific to the experimental setup, programmed to perform one single task (the application experiment) directly into low-level control devices using expertise in experimental physics. Here we report on the design and implementation of an architecture capable of executing quantum network applications on quantum processors in platform-independent high-level software. We demonstrate the capability of the architecture to execute applications in high-level software by implementing it as a quantum network operating system-QNodeOS-and executing test programs, including a delegated computation from a client to a server <sup>13</sup> on two quantum network nodes based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres in diamond <sup>14,15</sup> . We show how our architecture allows us to maximize the use of quantum network hardware by multitasking different applications. Our architecture can be used to execute programs on any quantum processor platform corresponding to our system model, which we illustrate by demonstrating an extra driver for QNodeOS for a trapped-ion quantum network node based on a single <sup>40</sup> Ca <sup>+</sup> atom <sup>16</sup> . Our architecture lays the groundwork for computer science research in quantum network programming and paves the way for the development of software that can bring quantum network technology to society.
(© 2025. The Author(s).)
Competing interests: C.D.D., B.v.d.V., A.D., M.S., I.t.R., W.K. and S.W. have filed a patent on the QNodeOS architecture.